2.4 Spring boot 配置Servelt、Filter、Listener
Spring Boot集成了servlet容器,当我们在pom文件中增加spring- boot-starter-web的maven依赖时,不做任何web相关的配置便能提供web服务,这还得归于spring boot 自动配置的功能(因为加了EnableAutoConfiguration的注解),帮我们创建了一堆默认的配置,以前在web.xml中配置,现在都可 以通过spring bean的方式进行配置,由spring来进行生命周期的管理,大多数情况下,我们需要重载这些配置(例如修改服务的启动端 口,contextpath,filter,listener,servlet,session超时时间等)
本节讲解在SpringBoot中如何配置Servelt
、Filter
、Listener
。大家可能已经注意到,在SpringBoot中,不光将Spring的配置文件省略了,连web容器的web.xml
文件都省略了,而之前,我们通常都是将Servelt、Filter、Listener等配置在web.xml中配置的,而SpringBoot提供了更加简化的配置。在讲解如何配置之前,我们先将演示用Servelt、Filter、Listener的准备好。
DemoServelt.java
import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 2600143224322327782L; @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("==>DemoServlet接受请求"); resp.getWriter().write("DemoServlet access success"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doGet(req, resp); } }
DemoFilter.java
import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; public class DemoFilter implements Filter{ @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("==>DemoFilter启动"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { System.out.println("==>DemoFilter拦截请求"); chain.doFilter(request, response); } @Override public void destroy() { } }
DemoListener.java
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; public class DemoListener implements ServletContextListener{ @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { System.out.println("==>DemoListener启动"); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { } }
在准备好这些文件之后,我们开始配置。SpringBoot提供了2种方式配置Servlet、Listener、Filter。一种是基于RegistrationBean,另一种是基于注解。
1、基于RegistrationBean的配置
spring boot提供了 ServletRegistrationBean
,FilterRegistrationBean
,ServletListenerRegistrationBean
这3个东西来进行配置Servlet、Filter、Listener
编写配置类WebConfig.java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.EventListener; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ServletListenerRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ServletRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import com.tianshouzhi.springbootstudy.web.filter.DemoFilter; import com.tianshouzhi.springbootstudy.web.listener.DemoListener; import com.tianshouzhi.springbootstudy.web.servlet.DemoServlet; @Configuration public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{ @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean getDemoFilter(){ DemoFilter demoFilter=new DemoFilter(); FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean=new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(demoFilter); List<String> urlPatterns=new ArrayList<String>(); urlPatterns.add("/*");//拦截路径,可以添加多个 registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(urlPatterns); registrationBean.setOrder(1); return registrationBean; } @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean getDemoServlet(){ DemoServlet demoServlet=new DemoServlet(); ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean=new ServletRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setServlet(demoServlet); List<String> urlMappings=new ArrayList<String>(); urlMappings.add("/demoservlet");////访问,可以添加多个 registrationBean.setUrlMappings(urlMappings); registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1); return registrationBean; } @Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean<EventListener> getDemoListener(){ ServletListenerRegistrationBean<EventListener> registrationBean =new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(); registrationBean.setListener(new DemoListener()); // registrationBean.setOrder(1); return registrationBean; } }
这个类编写好,就相当于已经完成了配置。
运行Application.java,控制台输出:
可以看到Listener和Filter在应用启动的时候,都初始化了。
在浏览器中访问servlet:http://localhost:8080/demoservlet
可以看到servlet可以接受到请求并响应。而在控制台中,我们还可以看到
说明对于servlet的请求,Filter是可以进行成功拦截的。
2、基于注解的配置
